Approach to design of work involves four major categories:
1. The perceptual motor approach
2. The biological approach
3. The mechanistic approach
4. The motivational approach
Both the perceptual motor approach and the biological approach have their roots in human factors engineering. Their major focus is on the integration of human and machine systems.
Therefore, their emphasis is on equipment design and the proper match to operators.
The other two approach clearly highlight the potential trade-offs that must frequently be made by organizations with regard to job design. They are also the two that have received the most attention in the management literature. Taylor’s scientific management and the motivational approach by job enrichment best exemplify the mechanistic approach.
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