Motivation is a mental driving force due to which people become active to achieve an intended goal. Motivation can be intrinsic or extrinsic. The term is usually used to refer to humans, but it can also be used to describe animal behavior. According to various theories, motivation is rooted in our basic needs – one of which is to reduce physical suffering and increase satisfaction. These may include other specific needs such as eating, sleeping, or objects of desire, hobbies, goals, living conditions, ideals. There may also be many reasons for quality welfare, policy or mortality avoidance that are not intuitively understood.
Intrinsic motivation
The source of intrinsic motivation is hidden within a particular task or activity – such as having fun solving a puzzle or having a passion or love for a game. Psychologists involved in social and educational work began to study this type of motivation in the early 1970s. Research has shown that motivation is generally associated with higher student achievement and satisfaction. Fritz Heider explained intrinsic motivation with his attribution theory. Bandura also discussed this in his self-efficacy theory, as well as Ryan and Deci’s cognitive appraisal theory. Students are intrinsically motivated if they:
Attributing test results to intrinsic factors (such as how much effort they put into studying),
Believes that they themselves are a means to an end (i.e. test results are not dependent on luck)
Rather than relying on memorization, one wants to know a subject well for better results.
See also Intrinsic Motivation and 16 Basic Desire Theories below.
Extrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation comes from outside the person doing the work. The biggest example of extrinsic motivation is money, but physical force or punishment are other examples.
Spectators cheer the athlete during the game, which motivates him to perform well. Rewards are also important extrinsic purposes. Competition is also generally considered an example of extrinsic motivation, as it motivates the performer to beat others rather than derive satisfaction from the intrinsic elements of the task.
Social psychological research has shown that extrinsic motivation is exaggerated by extrinsic rewards, which in turn reduces intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation is often the cause of demotivation. In a famous experiment, Green and Lepper showed that children who were rewarded for drawing with a felt-tip pen were no longer motivated to play with the pen later.
Self control
Self-regulation is understood as a subset of emotional intelligence; A person may be highly intelligent (as measured by intelligence tests), but he may not be motivated enough to do something. Yale School of Management professor Victor Vroom, in his “expectancy theory,” detailed when people decide to use self-control to achieve certain goals.
Enthusiasm or desire is defined as a kind of lack that puts labor power into use necessary to move toward a particular goal or producer. Such habits are built within the person and do not require external stimuli to encourage them. The primary motivating factor may be a lack of something, such as hunger, which motivates people to seek food. Again, suksha desire is the desire to gain later praise or approval which motivates a person to treat other people well.
In contrast, the role of extrinsic rewards and incentives can be seen in the example of animal training, where animals are rewarded when they perform the correct behavior. This reward is what motivates them to repeat the behavior, and even if they are removed from that behavior, they do the same thing again and again.
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